Central Banking in a Digital Age: Stock-Taking and Preliminary Thoughts

whitePaper | February 23, 2022

The race for European banks to offer Instant Payments (IP) is more urgent than ever before. COVID-19 has piled on the pressure to adopt: throughout 2020, the average daily SCT Instant transaction volume more than doubled due to new purchase behavior. In addition, by November 2021 European banks that are TARGET2 direct participants are also mandated to be TIPS reachable – one of the two major SEPA instant CSMs.

whitePaper | April 14, 2023

The importance of credit decisioning in the success of a credit business cannot be overemphasized. Credit businesses are heavily dependent on their business rules, mathematical models, and data to make profitable decisions. Customer behavior and expectations have been irrevocably transformed as a result of the pandemic, and the use of alternative credit products such as BNPL, peer-to-peer lending,

whitePaper | May 6, 2020

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whitePaper | July 3, 2022

Founded in 1896, Barclays is among the world's oldest banks and enjoys the patronage of some of Europe's most profitable corporations. In 2021, Barclays claimed over 48 million customers, amassed over its 120+ year history. On the other hand, Revolut is a UK neobank that has acquired over 15 million account holders in less than a decade since its founding. These numbers are illustrative of a larger shift in the global banking system, with agile, digitally empowered financial service providers making inroads into mainstream banking territory. Currently, traditional banks, with their large product and service portfolios and legions of loyal customers, still hold the lion's share of the European banking market.

whitePaper | April 1, 2023

“Banking is necessary; banks are not,” said Bill Gates in 1994. As financial services become increasingly embedded into everyday life, the truth of this statement has never been clearer. Customers are increasingly accessing financial services through channels other than the bank. Embedded finance is changing the banking landscape and is expected to have an estimated market value $138 billion by 2026, according to Juniper Research.

whitePaper | September 20, 2022

Banking has historically been one of the business sectors most resistant to disruption by technology. Since the first mortgage was issued in England in the 11th century, banks have built robust businesses with multiple moats: ubiquitous distribution through branches; unique expertise such as credit underwriting underpinned by both data and judgment; even the special status of being regulated institutions that supply credit, the lifeblood of economic growth, and have sovereign insurance for their liabilities (deposits). Moreover, consumer inertia in financial services is high. Consumers have generally been slow to change financial-services providers. Particularly in developed markets, consumers have historically gravitated toward the established and enduring brands in banking and insurance that were seen as bulwarks of stability even in times of turbulence.